Tam Sürüm Bilgini Göster : Culture of Egypt - Volume I


LEE 20
15th August 2007, 13:21
Culture of Egypt

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Egyptian culture has five thousand years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations and for millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. After the Pharaonic era, Egypt itself came under the influence of Hellenism, Christianity, and Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of Egypt's ancient culture exist in interaction with newer elements, including the influence of modern Western culture, itself with roots in ancient Egypt.

Egypt's capital city, Cairo, is Africa's largest city and has been renowned for centuries as a center of learning, culture and commerce. Egypt has the highest number of Nobel Laureates in Africa and the Arab World. Some Egyptian born politicians were or are currently at the helm of major international organizations like Boutros Boutros-Ghali of the United Nations and Mohamed ElBaradei of the IAEA.


Renaissance

The work of early nineteenth-century scholar Rifa'a et-Tahtawi gave rise to the Egyptian Renaissance, marking the transition from Medieval to Early Modern Egypt. His work renewed interest in Egyptian antiquity and exposed Egyptian society to Enlightenment principles. Tahtawi co-founded with education reformer Ali Mubarak a native Egyptology school that looked for inspiration to medieval Egyptian scholars, such as Suyuti and Maqrizi, who themselves studied the history, language and antiquities of Egypt. Egypt's renaissance peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through the work of people like Muhammad Abduh, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, Qasim Amin, Salama Moussa, Taha Hussein and Mahmoud Mokhtar. They forged a liberal path for Egypt expressed as a commitment to individual freedom, secularism and faith in science to bring progress.


Arts

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The Egyptians were one of the first major civilizations to codify design elements in art. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene. The Cairo Opera House serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital. Egypt's media and arts industry has flourished since the late nineteenth century, today with more than thirty satellite channels and over one hundred motion pictures produced each year. Cairo has long been known as the "Hollywood of the Middle East;" its annual film festival, the Cairo International Film Festival, has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.To bolster its media industry further, especially with the keen competition from the Persian Gulf Arab States and Lebanon, a large media city was built. Some Egyptian actors, like Omar Sharif, have achieved worldwide fame.


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LEE 20
15th August 2007, 13:57
Culture of Egypt Volume II

Literature


Literature constitutes an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular.Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition. Vernacular poetry is perhaps the most popular literary genre amongst Egyptians, represented by such luminaries as Ahmed Fuad Nigm (Fagumi), Salah Jaheen and Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi.


Music


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Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. In antiquity, Egyptians were playing harps and flutes, including two indigenous instruments: the ney and the oud. Percussion and vocal music also became an important part of the local music tradition ever since. Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of people such as Abdu-l Hamuli, Almaz and Mahmud Osman, who influenced the later work of Egyptian music giants such as Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez. These prominent artists were followed later by Amr Diab. He is seen by many as the new age "Musical Legend", whose fan base stretches all over the Middle East and Europe. From the 1970s onwards, Egyptian pop music has become increasingly important in Egyptian culture, while Egyptian folk music continues to be played during weddings and other festivities.
Festivals

Egypt is famous for its many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as mulids. They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by all Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion. Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt, celebrated with sounds, lights (local lanterns known as fawanees) and much flare that many Muslim tourists from the region flock to Egypt during Ramadan to witness the spectacle. The ancient spring festival of Sham en Nisim has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the Egyptian months of Paremoude (April) and Pashons (May), following Easter Sunday.



Sports


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Football (soccer) is the de facto national sport of Egypt. Egyptian Soccer clubs El Ahly and El Zamalek are the two most popular teams and enjoy the reputation of long-time champions of the sport regionally. The great rivalries keep the streets of Egypt energized as with each win the people fill the streets when their favourite teams win. Squash and tennis are other close favorites among Egyptians. The Egyptian Squash team has been known for its fierce competition in world-wide championships since the 1930s. Egypt is rich in soccer history as soccer has been around for over 100 years. The country is home to many African championships such as the African cup of dreams. However, Egypt national team has not qualified to FIFA World Cup since 1990.




Fotoğraf: Galen R Frysinger, Omar Kamel,
Yazı dizisi: Wikipedia

paxultraslan
15th August 2007, 15:13
My dream's amazing country...

Muttalipisidan
15th August 2007, 18:57
arkadaşlar mısırla ilgili birazda ben genel bilgi vereyim:
MISIR

Mısır Arap Cumhuriyeti
جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة
Gumhüriyyat Misr al-'Arabiyya

Dünya tarihinin üç büyük imparatorluğundan ilkidir. M.Ö. 3050 yılları civarinda kuruluşundan önce, güney Mısır ve kuzey Mısır olarak ikiye ayrılmaktaydı. Güney Mısır'ın tarihine değin bulunan en eski bilgiler M.Ö. 5000'li yillari göstermektedir; ancak kurucusu Tiu'nun doğum tarihi ya da yaşadığı dönem hala sırdır.






Mısır İmparatorluğu; Augustus Caesar'in liderliğindeki Roma İmparatorluğu tarafından M.Ö. 30 yılında ele geçirilmiştir. M.S. 7. yüzyılda Araplar burada egemen olmuş ; 1517 yılında ise Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sınırlarına katılmıştır. 1882 yılında da Mısır ; İngiltere'nin bir kolonisi olmuştur.

Mısır tarihi ve medeniyeti 7.000 yılık bir geçmişe sahiptir. Mısır tarihi epok denen dönemlere ayrılır:


Predynastik epok - M.Ö.3150'den önce

Firavun epok

Erkendinastik epok M.Ö.3032 - M.Ö. 2707
Eski Imperatorluk M.Ö.2707 - M.Ö.2216
Birinci arazaman M.Ö.2216 - M.Ö.2025
Orta Imperatorluk(Mısır)Orta Imperatorluk M.Ö.2010 - M.Ö.1793
Ikinci arazaman M.Ö.1648 - M.Ö.1550
Yeni Imperatorluk M.Ö.1531 - M.Ö.1075
Üçüncü arazaman M.Ö.1075 - M.Ö.652
Geçkçağ 652 - M.Ö.332
Helen Romalı Zaman M.Ö.332 - 395
Bizans zamanı 395 - 638
Ilk islam zamanı 640 - 968
Fatimizamanı 969 - 1171
Eyyubizamanı 1171 - 1250
Memlükenzamanı 1250 - 1517
Osmanlızamanı 1517 - 1801
Mısır Napoleon çıkarması (Expedition) 1798 - 1802
Muhammad Ali dinastisi 1805 - 1882
Ingiliz hükümdarlıkzamanı 1892 - 15. Mart 1922
Mısır Kralıkı 19.Nisan 1922 - Juli 1952
Mısır Cumhuriyeti 26.07.1952

Mısır Bayrağı
Resmi sembol




Resmi dil: Arapça
Başkent: Kahire
Devlet yapısı: Cumhuriyet
Cumhurbaşkan: Muhammad Husni Mubarak
Başbakan: Ahmad Nazif
Yüz ölçüm: 1.001.450 km²
Bağımsızlık: 26 Temmuz 1952 (İngiltere'den)
Zaman: UTC+2
Ulusal marşı: Biladi, Biladi, Biladi





Mısır (Arapça: Mısr/Masr) adıyla bilinen Mısır Arap Cumhuriyeti (Arapça: Gumhûriyet Masr'al Arabiye) Kuzey Afrika'nın en kalabalık ülkesidir. Nüfusun büyük bir bölümü Nil Nehri boyunca yerleşmiştir.

Asya kıtasında yer alan bölümü Sina Yarımadası ile birlikte 1.020.000 km²'lik bir yüzölçüme sahiptir. Batıda Libya, güneyde Sudan ve kuzeydoğuda Filistin ve İsrail'le kara sınırı bulunmaktadır. Mısır'ın kuzeyde Akdeniz'e, doğuda Kızıldeniz'e kıyısı bulunmaktadır.





Eğitim-Öğretim Hizmetleri:

Eğitim hizmetleri kamu ağırlıklı olmakla birlikte, özel sektöre ait ana okulu, ilk, orta, lise, kolej ve üniversite bulunmaktadır. Üniversite öncesi eğitime kayıtlı öğrenci sayısı 15 milyon, yüksek öğretime kayıtlı öğrenci sayısı 2 milyonu bulmaktadır. Kamuda eğitim-öğretim parasızdır.

Mısırlıların yaklaşık %50'si okuma yazma bilmektedir. Okuma yazma bilenlerin oranı erkeklerde %63.6 ve kadınlarda %38.8'dir. İlkokula kayıt yaptıranların oranı %100 olmasına rağmen nüfusun %8'i üniversite derecesine sahiptir.

LEE 20
15th August 2007, 19:05
Gezip görmek istediğim yerlerden birisi, umarım birgün gitme fırsatım olur.